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Hi Newbies! Congratulations!
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Hi Newbies! Congratulations!
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You made the first important step in understanding SvarDOS. You found
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You made the first important step in understanding SvarDOS. You found the
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the Quick instruction manual for SvarDOS!
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Quick instruction manual for SvarDOS!
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Many of the reported commands also work in Windows and - with
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Many of the reported commands also work in Windows and - with restrictions -
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restrictions - in Linux and Mac OS so that this manual also helps you
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in Linux and Mac OS so that this manual also helps you to understand the
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to understand the basics of all these OSes.
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basics of all these OSes.
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CHAPTER ONE:
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CHAPTER ONE:
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Let's start:
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Let's start:
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You are at C:\ and have no idea what to do? Simply enter:
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"ver" (help is "ver /h") and SvarDOS shows you the version number of the
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Kernel and the Shell (command.com).
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You are at C:\ and have no idea what to do?
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Simply enter:
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"ver" (help is "ver /h") and SvarDOS shows you the version number of
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the Kernel and the Shell (command.com).
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As a next try:
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As a next try:
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"dir" or "dir /p" or "dir /w" or "dir /?"
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"dir" or "dir /p" or "dir /w" or "dir /?"
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What happens? This command shows the content of the current "dir"ectory
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What happens? This command shows the content of the current "dir"ectory
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(folder) where you actually are. Depending on which option you have
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(folder) where you actually are. Depending on which option you have chosen
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chosen you see it without sort order, page wise, in lines or you see
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you see it without sort order, page wise, in lines or you see the help to
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the help to this command which offers much more options. You can do this
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this command which offers much more options. You can do this in each folder
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in each folder where you are. The help should be available via:
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where you are. The help should be available via:
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"command /?" e.g. "dir /?" or in some cases
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"command /?" e.g. "dir /?" or in some cases
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"command -h" or
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"command -h" or
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"command --help"
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"command --help"
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for each executable ("*.exe") file so that it is not necessary to open
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for each executable ("*.exe") file so that it is not necessary to open the
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the manual for each command. This was step 01.
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manual for each command.
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This was step 01.
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As you started in C:\ you should see among others:
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As you started in C:\ you should see among others:
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"kernel.sys",
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"kernel.sys",
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"autoexec.bat",
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"autoexec.bat",
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"config.sys" and maybe
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"config.sys" and maybe
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"command.com" (SvarDOS command.com is different to FreeDOS!).
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"command.com" (SvarDOS command.com is different to FreeDOS!).
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The kernel is, what it's name says: the kernel. Without it, the
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The kernel is, what it's name says: the kernel. Without it, the OS will not
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OS will not boot. You will hear about "autoexec.bat" and "config.sys"
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boot. You will hear about "autoexec.bat" and "config.sys" later.
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later.
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"command.com" is a very important file. Inside it there are a lot of
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"command.com" is a very important file. Inside it there are a lot of
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commands that can be executed by simply typing the command's name.
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commands that can be executed by simply typing the command's name. As they
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As they are inside command.com you will not find external .exe files and
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are inside command.com you will not find external .exe files and it is
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it is recommended to know the names of the important ones by heart.
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recommended to know the names of the important ones by heart.
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As most of these commands also exist in Windows it is not a wasted time
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As most of these commands also exist in Windows it is not a wasted time to
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to know the most important ones of them.
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know the most important ones of them.
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"dir" with its options is one of them. Other important commands inside
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"dir" with its options is one of them. Other important commands inside
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command.com are:
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command.com are:
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"cls", "cd", "copy", "del", "echo", "md", "path", "rd" "ren", "set",
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"cls", "cd", "copy", "del", "echo", "md", "path", "rd" "ren", "set",
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"ver" and much more.
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"ver" and much more.
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It makes really sense to keep at least the mentioned commands in mind as
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It makes really sense to keep at least the mentioned commands in mind as
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Windows command line (yes, it still exists!) also uses them and Linux
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Windows command line (yes, it still exists!) also uses them and Linux also
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also uses commands with other names that do in about the same job.
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uses commands with other names that do in about the same job.
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This was step 02.
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This was step 02.
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Now type:
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Now type:
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"cls" + ENTER
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"cls" + ENTER
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and you will see that it clears the screen.
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and you will see that it clears the screen.
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Type:
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Type:
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"md TESTDIR" + ENTER and then
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"md TESTDIR" + ENTER and then
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"dir" + ENTER
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"dir" + ENTER
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and you will see that a new "dir"ectory (folder) "TESTDIR" has been
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and you will see that a new "dir"ectory (folder) "TESTDIR" has been created.
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created. You will see that a directory shows a sharp click
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You will see that a directory shows a sharp click
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"<TESTDIR>" ("dir") as attachment or the name in square brackets like
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"<TESTDIR>" ("dir") as attachment or the name in square brackets like
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"[TESTDIR]" ("dir /w") depending on which option you used.
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"[TESTDIR]" ("dir /w") depending on which option you used.
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Files show an extension with max 3 characters and - depending on the
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Files show an extension with max 3 characters and - depending on the option
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option you have chosen at "dir" - the size and the creation date of the
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you have chosen at "dir" - the size and the creation date of the file. You
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file. You created your first folder!!!
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created your first folder!!!
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Now type:
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Now type:
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"cd TESTDIR" + ENTER
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"cd TESTDIR" + ENTER
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and you suddenly are in the folder
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and you suddenly are in the folder
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"C:\TESTDIR". Typing
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"C:\TESTDIR". Typing
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"dir" shows you two symbols:
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"dir" shows you two symbols:
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"." and "..".
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"." and "..".
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"." means "current directory" whereas
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"." means "current directory" whereas
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".." means "there exist directories closer to C:\". Means: with
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".." means "there exist directories closer to C:\".
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Means: with
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"cd FOLDERXX" (FOLDERXX is your foldername) you come into the folder.
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"cd FOLDERXX" (FOLDERXX is your foldername) you come into the folder.
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With:
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With:
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"cd .." you come back one folder closer to C:\.
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"cd .." you come back one folder closer to C:\.
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Within a folder you can create another folder, e.g. "SUBDIR1" by
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Within a folder you can create another folder, e.g. "SUBDIR1" by typing:
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typing:
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"md SUBDIR1" when you are inside "C:\TESTDIR". With the
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"md SUBDIR1" when you are inside "C:\TESTDIR".
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With the
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"cd SUBDIR1" you get in, with
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"cd SUBDIR1" you get in, with
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"cd .." you get out. If you want to move back to "C:\" directly you
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"cd .." you get out. If you want to move back to "C:\" directly you can
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can enter:
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enter:
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"cd \" or "cd C:\".
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"cd \" or "cd C:\".
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This works with all existing directories and you can crossjump to
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This works with all existing directories and you can crossjump to other fol-
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other folders (e.g.: cd C:\SVARDOS\DOC").
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ders (e.g.: cd C:\SVARDOS\DOC").
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You see that it is simple to move through the hard disk with a few
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You see that it is simple to move through the hard disk with a few commands!
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commands! This was step 03.
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This was step 03.
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Well, such were the times before graphical user interfaces! But it still
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Well, such were the times before graphical user interfaces! But it still
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works on modern systems, maybe the commands change a little.
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works on modern systems, maybe the commands change a little.
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OK, now we have created a folder:
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OK, now we have created a folder:
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"TESTDIR" and a subfolder:
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"TESTDIR" and a subfolder:
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"SUBDIR1"
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"SUBDIR1"
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inside. Nobody wants to give folders such a name. After one week nobody
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inside. Nobody wants to give folders such a name. After one week nobody
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remembers what it was good for. Please keep in mind that SvarDOS like
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remembers what it was good for. Please keep in mind that SvarDOS like all
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all other DOSes only supports 8.3 which means that the maximum length
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other DOSes only supports 8.3 which means that the maximum length is 8 cha-
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is 8 characters for the file name and 3 characters for ending, e.g.
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racters for the file name and 3 characters for ending, e.g. "filename.txt".
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"filename.txt". The ending says something what the file is good for.
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The ending says something what the file is good for.
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File and folder names are unique in a directory. But you can use the same
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File and folder names are unique in a directory. But you can use the same
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filename with another ending, e.g.:
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filename with another ending, e.g.:
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"filename.doc" in the same folder. They can also be used in another
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"filename.doc" in the same folder. They can also be used in another folder.
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folder.
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Folders must not be longer than 8 characters. As the folder names are
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Folders must not be longer than 8 characters. As the folder names are non-
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nonsense we want to delete the EMPTY folders again. Very simple: You go
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sense we want to delete the EMPTY folders again. Very simple: You go to the
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to the subfolder that is most far away from:
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subfolder that is most far away from:
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"C:\" in this case:
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"C:\" in this case:
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"C:\TESTDIR\SUBDIR1", check if it is empty, (Which command? - correct:
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"C:\TESTDIR\SUBDIR1", check if it is empty, (Which command? - correct:
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"dir", more later), go back to:
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"dir", more later), go back to:
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"C:\TESTDIR" (Which command? - correct: "cd ..") and then
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"C:\TESTDIR" (Which command? - correct: "cd ..") and then
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"rd SUBDIR1". Check if "TESTDIR" is empty and then go back to:
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"rd SUBDIR1". Check if "TESTDIR" is empty and then go back to:
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"C:\" and enter:
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"C:\" and enter:
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"rd TESTDIR". Your test directories have gone to NIRVANA!
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"rd TESTDIR". Your test directories have gone to NIRVANA!
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In case that there were files inside one of the folders you have to
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In case that there were files inside one of the folders you have to delete or
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delete or move them first. Depending on if you want to delete ALL files
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move them first. Depending on if you want to delete ALL files
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(dangerous!) or only a special file you can enter:
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(dangerous!) or only a special file you can enter:
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"del *.*" (*.* = wildcard = ALL!) or:
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"del *.*" (*.* = wildcard = ALL!) or:
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"del filename.ext".
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"del filename.ext".
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You can also use:
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You can also use:
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"*.txt" for ALL text files or "blah*.*"
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"*.txt" for ALL text files or "blah*.*" for all files starting with "blah".
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for all files starting with "blah". For deleting directories you have
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For deleting directories you have to move out of the EMPTY folder first,
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to move out of the EMPTY folder first, otherwise you would cut the tree
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you are sitting on. So "del" is used for deleting one or more files and
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otherwise you would cut the tree you are sitting on. So "del" is used for
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"rd" for removing EMPTY directories.
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deleting one or more files and "rd" for removing EMPTY directories.
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This was step 04.
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This was step 04.
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You want to keep the folders "TESTDIR" and "SUBDIR1" because important
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You want to keep the folders "TESTDIR" and "SUBDIR1" because important files
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files are inside but don't like the folder name? No problem, rename the
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are inside but don't like the folder name? No problem, rename the folders so
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folders so that you can keep them in mind.
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that you can keep them in mind.
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As you have deleted these folders at the end of step 04, you can now
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As you have deleted these folders at the end of step 04, you can now check if
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check if you kept in mind how you created them. Eeehhmmm? You got it?
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you kept in mind how you created them. Eeehhmmm? You got it? If yes, goto:
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If yes, goto:
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"C:\" (Which command? - correct: cd \ or cd C:\) and enter:
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"C:\" (Which command? - correct: cd \ or cd C:\) and enter:
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"ren TESTDIR URGENT" then go to "C:\URGENT" (I am sure you now know
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"ren TESTDIR URGENT" then go to "C:\URGENT" (I am sure you now know the
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the command) and enter:
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command) and enter:
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"ren SUBDIR1 CONTRACT". Now you should have the folders
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"ren SUBDIR1 CONTRACT". Now you should have the folders:
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"C:\URGENT\CONTRACT" instead of "C:\TESTDIR\SUBDIR".
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"C:\URGENT\CONTRACT" instead of "C:\TESTDIR\SUBDIR".
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Let's create a file now. You can use the external SvarDOS command:
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Let's create a file now. You can use the external SvarDOS command:
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"sved" or another editor to do so.
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"sved" or another editor to do so.
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SVED works very simple but a little different than modern editors
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SVED works very simple but a little different than modern editors like e.g.
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like e.g. Windows Notepad. Simply type: "sved", the UI opens, type the
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Windows Notepad. Simply type: "sved", the UI opens, type the "ESC" button -
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"ESC" button - and you get a choice "Open file", "Save", "Save as..."
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and you get a choice "Open file", "Save", "Save as..." Close file", "Change
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Close file", "Change EOL" (=end of line in DOS or Linux style) and "Quit".
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EOL" (=end of line in DOS or Linux style) and "Quit".
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You can also run "sved", type a text and save via "ESC".
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You can also run "sved", type a text and save via "ESC".
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Even for a Newbie it should simple to understand. But this can be done by
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Even for a Newbie it should simple to understand. But this can be done by
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everyone.
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everyone. Are we everyone? NO! We test "ECHO"! What will it do? I am sure
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Are we everyone? NO! We test "ECHO"! What will it do? I am sure you already
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you already heard what happens if you enter:
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heard what happens if you enter:
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"echo Hello World!" If not, check. Simply type it.
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"echo Hello World!" If not, check. Simply type it.
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Now we do not send the result to the monitor but into a file.
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Now we do not send the result to the monitor but into a file.
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"echo Hello World! > C:\URGENT\CONTRACT\world.txt".
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"echo Hello World! > C:\URGENT\CONTRACT\world.txt".
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You can put a second sentence inside by typing:
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You can put a second sentence inside by typing:
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"echo I am fine! How are you? >> C:\URGENT\CONTRACT\world.txt."
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"echo I am fine! How are you? >> C:\URGENT\CONTRACT\world.txt."
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">" adds the text in the first line.
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">>" adds the text in a new line.
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">>" adds the text in a new line.
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You created your first simple text file, guess, where you can find it?
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You created your first simple text file, guess, where you can find it? And
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And how to open it with the "sved" command? Of course, very simple. In
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how to open it with the "sved" command? Of course, very simple. In Windows
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Windows you can open it by searching the file in a folder and double-
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you can open it by searching the file in a folder and doubleclicking on the
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clicking on the filename. The corresponding program opens automatically.
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filename. The corresponding program opens automatically. In SvarDOS you do
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In SvarDOS you do nothing else, but vice-versa:
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nothing else, but vice-versa:
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"sved C:\URGENT\CONTRACT\world.txt"
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"sved C:\URGENT\CONTRACT\world.txt"
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Means: You say: use program "sved" and open the file "world.txt" in this
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Means: You say: use program "sved" and open the file "world.txt" in this or
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or that folder.
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that folder.
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If this should not work, type:
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If this should not work, type:
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"C:\SVARDOS\sved C:\URGENT\CONTRACT\world.txt"
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"C:\SVARDOS\sved C:\URGENT\CONTRACT\world.txt"
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This was step 05.
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This was step 05.
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With the command:
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With the command:
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"copy" you can do exactly what the name says. Basic rule:
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"copy" you can do exactly what the name says. Basic rule:
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You copy a file from source to target, remember where world.txt is now.
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You copy a file from source to target, remember where world.txt is now.
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"copy C:\URGENT\CONTRACT\world.txt C:\URGENT" and you have the document
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"copy C:\URGENT\CONTRACT\world.txt C:\URGENT" and you have the document
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twice. Instead of "world.txt" you can also use wildcards, e.g.:
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twice. Instead of "world.txt" you can also use wildcards, e.g.:
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"*.txt" or "world*.*" or "*.*".
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"*.txt" or "world*.*" or "*.*".
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Instead of copying you can move files from one position to another one
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Instead of copying you can MOVE files from one position to another one with
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with the EXTERNAL (not in command.com) command:
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the EXTERNAL (not in command.com) command:
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"move". Also, basic rule:
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"move". Also, basic rule:
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Move the file from source to target, e.g.:
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Move the file from source to target, e.g.:
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"move C:\URGENT\CONTRACT\world.txt C:\URGENT\test2.txt
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"move C:\URGENT\CONTRACT\world.txt C:\URGENT\test2.txt
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Please keep in mind that using "move" means that YOU CREATE NO COPY!
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Fantastic! Do you want to know more about this great OS? Then do not miss the
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second chapter of Newbie! Take a short break now!
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Fantastic! Do you want to know more about this great OS?
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Then do not miss the second chapter of Newbie! Take a short break now!
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This was step 06.
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This was step 06.
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CHAPTER TWO:
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CHAPTER TWO:
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You survived chapter one of the Newbies help? And you are still
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You survived chapter one of the Newbies help? And you are still interested in
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interested in SvarDOS? Great!
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SvarDOS? Great!
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Maybe you tried to execute some commands in Newbie01 and they did not work?
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There appeared a message: command or filename not found? You are too stupid
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why this happened? What did you make wrong? Nothing! Everything is correct!
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The reason why this happens is very simple: Without certain commands that
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will follow later, SvarDOS can only execute commands that are in your current
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folder. For example, sved is at:
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"C:\SVARDOS\" whereas you are at "C:\". SvarDOS looks at "C:\" and does not
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find "sved.com". So it simply says: I do not know this command, I have no
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idea where to find it.
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Maybe you tried to execute some commands in Newbie01 and they did not
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work? There appeared a message: command or filename not found? You are
|
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too stupid why this happened? What did you make wrong? Nothing! Every-
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thing is correct!
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The reason why this happens is very simple: Without certain commands
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that will follow later, SvarDOS can only execute commands that are in
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your current folder. For example, sved is at:
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"C:\SVARDOS\" whereas you are at "C:\". SvarDOS looks at "C:\" and
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does not find "sved.com". So it simply says: I do not know this command,
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I have no idea where to find it.
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To fix this and a lot of other things SvarDOS uses two files that
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To fix this and a lot of other things SvarDOS uses two files that are at
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are at "C:\". They are named:
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"C:\". They are named:
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"config.sys" and "autoexec.bat".
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"config.sys" and "autoexec.bat".
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The files are written in standard text format so that it is very simple
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The files are written in standard text format so that it is very simple to
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to modify them to your needs by using the (guess which command?):
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modify them to your needs by using the (guess which command?):
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"sved" command, e.g.:
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"sved" command, e.g.:
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"sved C:\config.sys" or sved "C:\autoexec.bat"
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"sved C:\config.sys" or sved "C:\autoexec.bat"
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"config.sys" is the first file and loaded by the kernel.
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"config.sys" is the first file and loaded by the kernel.
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By using it you can simply load drivers that are needed to enhance the
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By using it you can simply load drivers that are needed to enhance the
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abilities of SvarDOS. For example you can install "himemx" and "emm386"
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abilities of SvarDOS. For example you can install "himemx" and "emm386" (not
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(not in SvarDOS!) which allow to use more than 640 KiB RAM, load the
|
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in SvarDOS!) which allow to use more than 640 KiB RAM, load the basic CD-ROM
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basic CD-ROM driver, modify screen size (restricted), country settings,
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driver, modify screen size (restricted), country settings, create a menu
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create a menu where you can choose if you want to start with these or
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where you can choose if you want to start with these or those drivers depen-
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those drivers depending on your current needs. One important thing you
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ding on your current needs. One important thing you should do in config.sys
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should do in config.sys is to load "command.com" and its ENVIRONMENT
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is to load "command.com" and its ENVIRONMENT to be permanent which has a lot
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to be permanent which has a lot of benefits. But that's going to far
|
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of benefits. More about this in step 08.
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here.
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This was step 07, one of the most important.
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This was step 07, one of the most important.
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When "config.sys" is loaded the next important file, "command.com" will
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When "config.sys" is loaded the next important file, "command.com" will be
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be loaded (depending on the settings you made in config.sys, e.g.:
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loaded (depending on the settings you made in config.sys, e.g.:
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"SHELL=C:\command.com /E:512 /P=C:\autoexec.bat".
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"SHELL=C:\command.com /E:512 /P=C:\autoexec.bat".
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You can use others shells instead of command.com, but this one is
|
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You can use others shells instead of command.com, but this one is delivered
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delivered with SvarCOM.
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with SvarCOM.
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"/P" says which autoexec.bat SvarDOS should use to start. With
|
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"/P" says which autoexec.bat SvarDOS should use to start. With
|
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"/E" you can define the size of the ENVIRONMENT which is very
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"/E" you can define the size of the ENVIRONMENT which is very helpful as
|
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helpful as already mentioned on the top of this text.
|
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already mentioned on the top of this text.
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"autoexec.bat" is a so called batch file. It is read and interpreted line
|
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by line. So you can tell SvarDOS that it should change the country settings
|
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and codepages, load a keyboard driver, a mouse driver, the second part of the
|
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CD-ROM driver or start a special program / game / whatever automatically.
|
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|
265 |
|
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"autoexec.bat" is a so called batch file. It is read and interpreted
|
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|
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line by line. So you can tell SvarDOS that it should change the country
|
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settings and codepages, load a keyboard driver, a mouse driver, the
|
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|
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second part of the CD-ROM driver or start a special program / game /
|
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|
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whatever automatically.
|
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With the command:
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With the command:
|
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"set" that is built in command.com you can create variables that fill
|
267 |
"set" that is built in command.com you can create variables that fill up
|
232 |
up the mentioned ENVIRONMENT, for example with:
|
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the mentioned ENVIRONMENT, for example with:
|
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|
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"set path=C:\SVARDOS;C:\SVARDOS\NLS" (SVARDOS searches for a command like
|
- |
|
270 |
"sved" at C:\SVARDOS and then C:\SVARDOS\NLS). It opens the first found
|
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|
271 |
correct hit, all others are ignored. This may cause mistakes if you have
|
- |
|
272 |
different files with the same name in these folders!). As the path command is
|
- |
|
273 |
also an external command, the following version works too:
|
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|
274 |
"path C:\SVARDOS;C:\SVARDOS\NLS" (no set and no =).
|
233 |
"set TEMP=C:\TEMP" (folder for temporary files)
|
275 |
"set TEMP=C:\TEMP" (folder for temporary files,%TEMP% now means: C:\TEMP)
|
234 |
"set DOSDIR=C:\SVARDOS" (%DOSDIR% now means: C:\SVARDOS)
|
276 |
"set DOSDIR=C:\SVARDOS" (%DOSDIR% now means: C:\SVARDOS)
|
235 |
"set NLSPATH =C:\%DOSDIR%\NLS" (uses "DOSDIR" -> C:\SVARDOS\NLS)
|
277 |
"set NLSPATH =%DOSDIR%\NLS" (%NLSPATH now means: C:\SVARDOS\NLS)
|
236 |
"set TZ=UTC" (for timezone settings) or
|
278 |
"set TZ=UTC" (for timezone settings) or
|
237 |
"set LANG=DE" (for language settings) or
|
279 |
"set LANG=DE" (for language settings) or
|
238 |
"set OS_VERSION=1.3" and so on.
|
280 |
"set OS_VERSION=1.3" and so on.
|
239 |
To load them automatically, you can write the commands above into
|
281 |
To load them automatically to ENVIRONMENT, you can write the commands above
|
240 |
autoexec.bat.
|
282 |
into autoexec.bat.
|
241 |
SvarDOS writes these settings into the ENVIRONMENT as variables and keeps
|
283 |
SvarDOS writes these settings into the ENVIRONMENT as variables and keeps
|
242 |
them as long as it is running. You can add other variables later, but
|
284 |
them as long as it is running. You can add other variables later, but please
|
243 |
please do not use a name that already exists. The command:
|
285 |
do not use a name that already exists. The command:
|
244 |
"set" without options lists all existing variables,
|
286 |
"set" without options lists all existing variables,
|
245 |
"set variable=" deletes a variable.
|
287 |
"set variable=" deletes a variable, this is dangerous, see above!
|
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|
288 |
Example (works in FreeDOS as batch file and command line, but in SvarDOS ONLY
|
246 |
Example:
|
289 |
as a batch file, not in command line!):
|
247 |
"echo The current version of SvarDOS is: %OS_VERSION%" .
|
290 |
"echo The current version of SvarDOS is: %OS_VERSION%" .
|
248 |
shows:
|
291 |
shows:
|
249 |
"The current version of SvarDOS is 1.3" ."
|
292 |
"The current version of SvarDOS is 1.3" ."
|
250 |
There are more things that can be used by autoexec.bat, but this leads
|
293 |
There are more things that can be used by autoexec.bat, but this leads too
|
251 |
too far for a basic introduction.
|
294 |
far for a basic introduction.
|
252 |
But now you know how you can modify your SvarDOS OS to work with it.
|
295 |
But now you know how you can modify your SvarDOS OS to work with it.
|
253 |
I hope I was able to help you with this basic information. Of course,
|
296 |
I hope I was able to help you with this basic information. Of course, I could
|
254 |
I could tell you much more, but this is only a first step into SvarDOS.
|
297 |
tell you much more, but this is only a first step into SvarDOS.
|
- |
|
298 |
|
255 |
The last step 08 is done!
|
299 |
The last step 08 is done!
|
256 |
|
300 |
|
- |
|
301 |
|
257 |
Thank you for reading!
|
302 |
Thank you for reading!
|
258 |
|
303 |
|
259 |
Willi Spiegl
|
304 |
Willi Spiegl
|
260 |
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305 |
|